Converting Queries to Commands

A `Slice and Dice' Refactoring

Michael Feathers
July 11, 2017

When methods focus on a single responsibility, they fall into two broad categories. They are either queries that compute and return some value without producing side effects, or they are commands that change the state of the world or the state of the object they are on.

The former style is more common in functional programming. In . . .

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Edges in Software

Using Edge Cases as Focal Points for Design Choices

Michael Feathers
May 03, 2017

One of my favorite sayings is “If you take care of the corners, the room takes care of itself.”

For the longest while I thought it was something that Frank Lloyd Wright had said but I haven’t been able to find an attribution. Regardless, I think that the idea is sound. The edge cases in our software define it. Ideally, we shouldn’t . . .

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Revealing Interfaces

Making Usage Patterns Explicit in Code

Michael Feathers
January 31, 2017

In nearly every OO application there’s at least one large class. By large, I mean a class that has 15 or more methods. We expect classes to have focus and it’s hard to make the case that a class with that many methods is about one thing. There will be some sort of grouping. Sometimes it’s explicit in the names of the methods, sometimes it’s . . .

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Unary Call Sites and Architecture

Using Static Call Counts to Explore Internal Structure

Michael Feathers
January 13, 2017

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In an ideal world we’d be able to see more in our editors and IDEs. We see our code, and that’s just about enough to work but there’s so much more that we can know.

One of the things I’d like to know is the number of call sites that each method has. In frameworks or libraries, we’ll have methods that are never called . . .

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Twitter, Reddit and Conway's Law

How Social Media Architecture Affects Group Cohesion and Behavior

Michael Feathers
January 07, 2017

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Before I started programming I majored in architecture. I have a strong visual imagination and as a teen buildings just “popped” into my head without me putting them there. As a career, it seemed like a natural fit but unfortunately I never really learned how to draw well enough so I moved on to engineering and computer science. . . .

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Is Technical Debt Just a Metaphor?

Michael Feathers
December 29, 2016

I’ve been hearing people talk a lot more about Technical Debt recently. I’m glad. Anything we can do to pay more attention to long term quality is good. Technical Debt is a valuable frame for those discussions. No one wants to be in an impossible situation and teams that keep accumulating Technical Debt often end up there. It’s a land of . . .

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Scythe - Coverage in Production to Find Dead Code

Michael Feathers
December 27, 2016

A while back I wrote about what it takes to kill code. I won’t take up any time repeating why it’s a good idea to get rid of code that’s dead or low value. I think that anyone who’s spent time trying to understand or change some area of code only to find out that it’s never really used knows how frustrating it can be.

As often as . . .

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